Les termes relatifs à,l’, imaginaire dont «les symboles» provoquent une grande confusion dans le discours oral ou é, crit et causent des problè, mes en traduction. Si l’, on ne dé, tient pas la clé,des mots symboliques du texte ou du discours, ils y restent un mystè, re et bloquent sa compré, hension. Or, dans une Interaction bilingue qui exige la traduction, il s’, avè, re indispensable de transmettre dû, ment leur sens, de les adapter au texte cible et au cas é, ché, ant de les remplacer par d’, autres pour dé, voiler le vouloir-dire du locuteur ou de l’, auteur. Pour faire ré, aliser cet objectif, on doit recourir à,tous les procé, dé, s traductifs, linguistiques et stylistiques que les langues source et cible exigent. Pour donner un cadre pratique à,cet article, nous avons choisi les symboles abordé, s par Sohrâ, b Sé, pé, (HRI) dans ses deux poè, mes « Le bruit de pas de l’, eau » et «Le Voyageur». Vu la varié, té,de domaines dans lesquels se ré, partissent les symboles sé, pé, (HRI)ens, «les plantes» des textes pré, cité, s ont é, té,cerné, s pour é, tudier leurs connotations culturelles en nous ré, fé, rant à,leurs traductions en franç, ais dans le livre Deux poè, mes de Sohrâ, b Sé, pé, (HRI) (2015). L’, examen des procé, dé, s traductifs des passages sé, lectionné, s a mis fin à,notre é, tude dans cette recherche.

To assesse the iron and silicon effects on the yield and physiological characteristics of green pea, Wando cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 gr per l-1) and silicon (0, 14 and 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh and dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Si in leaf and grain were measured. Results showed that the Interaction of Fe and Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh and dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf and grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf and grain Zn and leaf Si and the application of Fe and Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf and grain Cu, Mn and Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe and Si significantly increased fresh and dry grain weight and Si laef concetration and decreased the concentratin of leaf and grain Fe and Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe and Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu and zinc leaf and grains, but the Si concentration of leaf and grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were decreased in leaf and grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity and the application of 0.1 g/l and 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

Purpose: Fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease, and finding the appropriate method for detecting the problem is necessary. The current study aimed to quantity liver steatosis using Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasound images, and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) blood test. Materials and Methods: In this work, 163 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients implemented CT and ultrasound images on their abdomen regions. The liver and spleen density were calculated using CT images (as the standard method), and then the patients were divided into mild, and moderate to severe groups. During the sonography, an M-value histogram of the liver and the right kidney was drawn and their ratio (liver/kidney) was considered as a Hepatorenal Index ((HRI)). Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the relationships between (HRI) and ALT values. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the liver density in CT scans were obtained as 51 ±,4 HU. The (HRI) had better performance (Area Under the Curve, AUC: 0. 94) than the ALT (AUC: 0. 88) in determining liver steatosis. In addition, there was a significant difference between the mild, and moderate to severe groups (P < 0. 001) in (HRI) and ALT values. Conclusion: Based on the results, (HRI) is an excellent factor to distinguish between mild, and moderate to severe fatty liver. Notably, (HRI) is reproducible and operator-independent.

Background and purpose: Consumption of vegetables contaminated with heavy metals is dangerous for human health. The present research determined some heavy metals in Portulaca oleracea and assessed its health risk. Materials and methods: P. oleracea was grown in pots using soil polluted with nickel and various amounts of iron nanoparticles (0, 15, and 30 mg/kg). The concentration of heavy metals was determined by ICP-OEC after the samples were extracted. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors in plants, daily intake, and risk indicators of heavy metals for humans were all calculated. Results: The treatment with 30 mg/kg of iron nanoparticles resulted in the maximum concentration of nickel and iron in the roots and aerial sections of P. oleracea. The nickel and iron TF were below one for the soil-root but above one for the root-stem. For nickel and iron, the BAF in the plant was discovered to be less than one. Human consumption of P. oleracea poses minimal dangers, as indicated by (HRI) values that are less than 1. Compared to iron, nickel showed higher (HRI) values. Across all treatments, children demonstrated high (HRI)s for nickel and iron than adults. Conclusion: There are no non-cancerous diseases for consumers, according to the hazard ratio of the investigated components in the P. oleracea, which was 1. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the (HRI) of heavy elements for both analyzed age groups was less than one.

Background: The aim of this study was to find the difference between the liver function test (LFT) and hepatorenal index ((HRI)), before and after the administration of Prunus mume (PM) and choline i.e., to find the predictors of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity according its (HRI), during the three-month follow-up period. Methods: LFT, glucose, and lipid tests were determined in 168 NAFLD patients, at baseline and after three-month drug treatment. (HRI) was calculated by Image J software analyzing the ultrasound images, and according its value, 3 groups of NAFLD were formed. Results: The (HRI) at baseline (1.3598±0.1744) and after 3 months therapy (1.3061±0.1923) differs significantly (p<0.0001). Plasma glucose (FPG) (p<0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P=0.002), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.0006), gamma-glutamil transferase (γ-GT) (P=0.0053), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) (p<0.0001) and triglycerides (P=0.041) differ significantly, too. (HRI) is positively correlated with: HbA1c (P=0.035), ALT (P=0.002), AST (P=0.003), γ-GT (P=0.043), and triglycerides (P=0.002) and inversely correlated with HDL-Ch (P=0.011). In multiple regression results (standard coefficient and p-value), the independent predictors for (HRI) in NAFLD patients were: HbA1c (0.1443, 0.0004), ALT (0.001142, 0.0081), triglycerides (0.0431, 0.0235) and γ-GT (0.001376, 0.0329). Conclusion: Three-month administration of PM and choline have beneficial effects on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (HDL-Ch), and on LFT. This plant extract significantly reduces the levels of FPG, HbA1c, ALT, AST, γ-GT, triglycerides and increases HDL-Ch. The triglycerides, ALT, γ-GT and HbA1c are positive independent predictors for the severity of NAFLD

Background: In spite of increasingly developing intensive neonatal care wards and decreasing neonatal mortality rate, there is no follow up program to identify high risk infants, their health problems, and timely intervention after discharge. This study was carreid out to designing high risk infants ((HRI)) follow up surveillance system with the practical aim of creating an action model for the whole country in 2012.Methods: In this qualitative research after study of international documents, consensus agreement about adapted program for Iran has been accomplished by focus group discussion and attended Delphi agreement technique.After compiling a primary draft, we hold 14 sessions including expert panels to finalize the program.Findings: After finalizing the program, (HRI) Follow up surveillance system has been designed in four sections: Evidence based criteria of (HRI) and clinical guidelines; twenty one criteria defined for determining of (HRI).Executive Plan: general, following up and backup processes. A health certificate notebook was designed and printed for (HRI), which contains all important information and data, from birth up to five years old. For monitoring and evaluation the program, access data base software applied for data collection and interpretation. Educational program including general and especial courses for care givers and follow up team, and also three family education processes was planned.Conclusion: We designed and finalized (HRI) Follow up surveillance system. It seems to open a way to extending it to whole country.

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The Interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).